Author: Khaled El Mahmoud

Khaled El Mahmoud is a PhD candidate and research assistant at the University of Potsdam. He studied law at the University of Potsdam and at the Paris Nanterre University.

Foreign Minister Baerbock Unilaterally Commits Germany to the Re-Export of German Battle Tanks to Ukraine

Published: 18 July 2023  Authors: Khaled El Mahmoud and Stefan Talmon

More than any other issue, the question of the delivery of German Leopard battle tanks to Ukraine dominated both the domestic political debate and the foreign policy debate in Germany in January 2023. In addition to the question of whether Germany itself would supply such tanks, there was also the question of whether Germany would grant EU and NATO member States, which had acquired such tanks from Germany, the permission to re-export them to Ukraine, as required by the so-called end-use certificates (EUC). (more…)

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